Surface Science

Aim

The overall aim of the course is for the student to gain an advanced theoretical understanding of complex molecular systems in the form of thin organic and biological patterned layers on solid surfaces, as well as practical knowledge of advanced methods for surface analysis.

Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to independently:

• carry out practical sample preparation through wet-chemical surface modification using molecular systems, in order to achieve soft patterning on planar surfaces
• systematically and with methodological rigor perform surface analyses using advanced instrumentation to investigate and characterize the structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of solid materials, surfaces, and ultrathin films
• analyze and explain how different preparation steps affect surface structure and function, with particular consideration of time-dependent aspects, purity requirements, and the risk of contamination
• evaluate and provide constructive feedback on other students’ work in an insightful manner, and argue for and against analyses and results with a clear scientific approach
• explain how biological molecules interact with and on surfaces, and analyze how different strategies for molecular surface modification influence surface properties at the nano-, micro-, and macro-scale
• explain and compare the principles behind analytical methods for materials characterization, including element-specific analysis and imaging techniques, and relate the choice of method to the relevant research question

Content

The course covers adsorption dynamics, adsorption from complex biological solutions, self-assembly, and surface modification. The student is introduced to surface analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, imaging photoelectron spectroscopy, photoemission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, surface energy measurements, and ellipsometry.

Step by step, the student builds a molecular system in which patterning is followed by analysis using imaging techniques (element-specific imaging, WF mapping, fluorescence microscopy). This is achieved through targeted coupling chemistry with different types of patterning at the submicron level. Each technique contributes pieces to an overall understanding of a complex system.

The course also includes a review of fundamental principles in micro- and nanotechnology, as well as discussions on how these are applied in the development of diagnostic methods, biosensors, and biomaterials. In addition, the course highlights how material selection, experimental processes, and advanced analytical methods within the field can be planned to reduce risks, resource use, and environmental impact.